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The Author
Acknowledgements
Preface
1 – Introduction
1.1 The Responsibilities of the Gas Blender
1.2 Mixed Gases and Their Production
1.3 A Brief Description of Blending Methods
1.3.1 Mixing by Weight
1.3.2 Partial Pressure Mixing
1.3.3 Automatic Mixing
1.3.4 Continuous Blending
1.3.5 Permeable Gas Membrane Separation
1.3.6 Using Pre-mix
2 – Setting Up a Blending Station
2.1 Safe System Design and Construction
2.2 An Overview of the Necessary Equipment
2.3 Planning the System Layout
2.3.1 Use of Air Banks
2.3.2 What Size of Air Bank?
2.3.3 Use of Nitrox Banks or Not?
2.3.4 Supply of Oxygen
2.3.5 Calculating Oxygen Requirements
3 – Generating Clean Air
3.1 What Is Clean Air?
3.1.1 Air Quality Requirements as Set by NS Research
3.2 Why Bother About Hydrocarbons When Mixing Nitrox?
3.3 Generating Oxygen Compatible Air
3.3.1 Oil-free vs. Double Filtration
3.3.2 Filtration Systems and Considerations
3.4 Air Quality Testing
3.4.1 Interpreting "Accuracy" of Testing
3.5 Water Content in Air
4 – Tubing, Hoses, Valves, and Fittings
4.1 Tubing vs. Hoses
4.2 Tubing Selection and Specification
4.3 Tube Handling
4.4 Planning the Tube Layout
4.5 Use of Hoses and Their Selection
4.6 Selection of Fittings
4.7 Valves Selection
4.7.1 The Meaning and Importance of the Flow Coefficient
4.7.2 Interpreting the Valve Flow Characteristics
4.7.3 The Right Valve for the Right Job
4.7.4 Check Valves
5 – System Cleanliness
5.1 Oxygen Service
5.2 Oxygen Compatibility
5.3 Oxygen Cleanliness
5.3.1 Oxygen Cleaning Procedures for Valves and Fittings
5.3.2 How Clean Is "Clean"
5.3.3 Burrs
6 – Logistics Planning
6.1 Calculating Your Oxygen Requirements
6.1.1 Variability and Uncertainty
6.1.2 Best Utilization of Oxygen
6.2 Time Planning
6.3 Consumables
7 – The Physics of Partial Pressure Mixing
7.1 Pressure, Volume, and Mass
7.2 Understanding the Law of Partial Pressures
7.3 The Universal Gas Law
7.4 The Thermodynamic Situation in the Scuba Tank
7.5 Compressibility of Gases
7.6 How Does All This Affect the Accuracy of the Mix?
7.7 A Theoretical Explanation of the Effect of Temperature on the Accuracy of the Mix
8 – Mixing Procedures and Calculations
8.1 Mixing Procedures
8.2 Mixing Calculations
8.3 Some Definitions
8.4 Calculations Using a Simple Formula
8.4.1 Simplifications for Mixing Air and Pure Oxygen
8.5 Calculations Using Mixing Tables
8.5.1 How to Use a Mixing Table
8.5.2 Linear Interpolation
9 – Gas Analysis
9.1 Oxygen Analysis Methods
9.2 Operation of Galvanic Cell Oxygen Analyzer
9.2.1 The Principle of Operation
9.2.2 Output Reading vs. Pressure
9.2.3 Correct Calibration Matters
9.2.4 Operating Life
9.2.5 Temperature Effects
9.2.6 Response Time
9.3 Oxygen Analysis Procedures
10 – Trimix Blending
10.1 What Is Trimix?
10.2 Characteristics of Helium
10.3 Demands of Equipment
10.4 Mixing Calculations and Procedure
10.4.1 Calculations Using a Simple Formula
10.4.2 Mixing Procedure
10.5 Inherent Accuracy and How It Affects Dive Planning
11 – Error Analysis
11.1 Sources of Error
11.2 Calculating the Resulting Error in Final Mix Composition
11.2.1 Inaccuracy Analysis of Residual Gas
11.2.2 Inaccuracy Due to Error in Pressure
12 – Business Considerations
12.1 Financial Considerations
12.1.1 Calculating the Cost of Nitrox Fills
12.1.2 Investment Appraisal for a Blending Station
12.2 Other Considerations
13 – Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
13.1 What Is a FMEA?
13.2 What Does a FMEA Involve?
13.2.1 Calculating the Risk Priority Number
13.3 How to Construct a FMEA for a Mixed Gas Production System
14 – Popular Misconceptions
Appendices
Appendix A: A Note on Hydrometry
Appendix B: PSA Systems
Appendix C: Liquid Oxygen
Appendix D: Gas Analysis Using Paramagnetic Technology
Appendix E: Units of Pressure Conversion Table
Appendix F: Nitrox Mixing Tables
Appendix G: Software Tools for Gas Blending
Visa alla svar
 Recen "THE TECHNICAL GUIDE TO GAS BLENDING"
|
Pär Ahlgren | 2011-01-16 13:18 |
  Komplett innehållsförteckning för intresserade | Pär Ahlgren | 2011-01-16 13:20 |
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